In this update I’ll explain how simple it can be to provide a share price valuation of an ASX bank share such as Bank of Queensland Limited (ASX: BOQ). That said, while it may seem ‘simple’ to create a valuation model of a business, no share valuation or forecast is guaranteed. If ‘value investing’ were as easy as what we’re about to show you, everyone would be rich!

Our largest bank shares make up more than one-third of the local share market, measured by the market capitalisation of the largest 200 companies in the S&P/ASX 200 (INDEXASX: XJO) index.

If you really want to understand how to value a dividend share, like a bank or REIT, you should consider watching the tutorial video from the analyst team at Rask Australia.

You can subscribe to the Rask Australia YouTube channel and receive the latest (and free) value investing videos by clicking here.

PE ratios: how to use it to value the BOQ share price

The price-earnings ratio, which is short for price-to-earnings, is a basic but popular valuation ratio. It compares yearly profit (or ‘earnings’) to today’s share price ($5.75). Unfortunately, it’s not the perfect tool for bank shares, so it’s critical to use more than just PE ratios for your analysis.

That said, it can be handy to compare PE ratios across shares from the same sector (banking) and determine what is reasonable — and what isn’t.

If we take the BOQ share price today ($5.75), together with the earnings (aka profits) per share data from its 2023 financial year ($0.68), we can calculate the company’s PE ratio to be 8.5x. That compares to the banking sector average PE of 13x.

Next, take the profits per share (EPS) ($0.68) and multiply it by the average PE ratio for BOQ’s sector (Banking). This results in a ‘sector-adjusted’ PE valuation of $8.56.

How we’d value BOQ shares

A DDM is a more interesting and robust way of valuing companies in the banking sector, given that the dividends are pretty consistent.

DDM valuation modeling is one of the oldest methods used on Wall Street to value companies, and it’s still used here in Australia by bank analysts. A DDM model takes the most recent full year dividends (e.g. from last 12 months or LTM), or forecast dividends, for next year and then assumes the dividends grow at a consistent rate for a forecast period (e.g. 5 years or forever).

To make this DDM easy to understand, we will assume last year’s dividend payment ($0.44) climbs at a fixed rate each year.

Next, we pick the ‘risk’ rate or expected return rate. This is the rate at which we discount the future dividend payments back to today’s dollars. The higher the ‘risk’ rate, the lower the share price valuation.

We’ve used a blended rate for dividend growth and a risk rate between 6% and 11%, then got the average.

This simple DDM valuation of BOQ shares is $8.39. However, using an ‘adjusted’ dividend payment of $0.52 per share, the valuation goes to $9.32. The expected dividend valuation compares to Bank of Queensland Limited’s share price of $5.75. Since the company’s dividends are fully franked, you might choose to make one further adjustment and do the valuation based on a ‘gross’ dividend payment. That is, the cash dividends plus the franking credits (available to eligible shareholders). Using the forecast gross dividend payment ($0.74), our valuation of the BOQ share price guesstimate to $13.32.

Where to from here

Our two models could be used as an introductory guide for how the valuation process works. Analysing a bank share like Bank of Queensland Limited is a complicated task. If we were looking at the shares and considering an investment, we would first want to know more about the bank’s growth strategy. For example, are they pursuing more lending (i.e. interest income) or more non-interest income (fees from financial advice, investment management, etc..

Next, take a close look at economic indicators like unemployment, house prices and consumer sentiment. Where are they headed? Finally, we believe it’s important to make an assessment of the management team. For example, when we pulled data on BOQ’s culture we found that it wasn’t a perfect 5/5. Culture is one thing to think carefully about.